The GDPR is the European General Data Protection Regulation, which has been in effect since May 2018. It governs how websites are permitted to handle personal data—that is, any information that can be used to identify an individual: name, email address, IP address, and cookies. For website operators, this means: a privacy policy, a cookie banner for tracking, data processing agreements with service providers, and GDPR-compliant integration of external tools such as Google Analytics or Google Fonts. Violations can result in heavy fines.
You can find detailed information about the law here.
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